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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Biaxial Mechanical Characterizations of Atrioventricular Heart Valves
Published on: April 9, 2019
A trileaflet "mitral valve" with three papillary muscles: brand new echocardiographic finding
Marcelo F Kozak1, Shanthi Sivanandam, Carlos H De Marchi
1Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. marcelo.f.kozak@uol.com.br
Abstract:
Congenital mitral valve malformations are rare, but are well known and described entities. Mitral valve malformations involve mitral valve apparatuses (leaflets and annulus) and subvalvar apparatuses (chordae and papillary muscle). Case reports of accessory mitral leaflets were already described, but were usually an appendix of the normal valve. We describe here a case report and present the images of a trileaflet mitral valve sustained by three papillary muscles in a young girl with subaortic stenosis.
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