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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

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Published on: August 13, 2013

T-cell subset regulation in atopy.

Marek Jutel1, Cezmi A Akdis

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 5, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland. mjutel@ak.am.wroc.pl

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|January 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other T-cell subsets like Th17 and Th9 are crucial in immune regulation and atopy. Understanding their interactions is key to managing allergic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • T-cell immunity development is determined by antigen presentation to T-helper (Th) lymphocytes, influenced by costimulatory signals, cytokines, chemokines, and regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • The discovery of Tregs significantly advanced immune regulation concepts beyond the binary Th1/Th2 paradigm.
  • Tregs are vital for peripheral homeostasis, controlled immune responses, and suppressing allergen-specific effector cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the reciprocal interactions among T-cell subsets in the context of atopy.
  • To discuss the roles of newly identified T-cell subsets, such as Th17 and Th9 cells, in allergic inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunological studies on T-cell subsets and atopy.
  • Analysis of the influence of cytokines, chemokines, and costimulatory signals on T-cell differentiation.
  • Examination of the regulatory mechanisms involving Tregs, Th17, and Th9 cells in allergic responses.

Main Results:

  • Tregs play a critical role in maintaining immune balance and inhibiting allergic reactions.
  • Th17 and Th9 cells contribute to local tissue inflammation through proinflammatory mediators.
  • The interplay between different T-cell subsets dictates the type and severity of atopic responses.

Conclusions:

  • The understanding of atopy requires considering the complex interactions between various T-cell subsets, not just the traditional Th1/Th2 balance.
  • Further research into these T-cell subset dynamics can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for atopic diseases.