Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable options,...
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the anxiety of...
Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...
Levels of Communication II: Organizational, Public, and Group Dynamics01:27

Levels of Communication II: Organizational, Public, and Group Dynamics

Effective communication is the foundation of a good organization. Communication is the lifeblood of an organization that connects the group with messages. In an organization, communication occurs in upward, downward, and horizontal lines. Downward communication travels from the administrative and senior levels to the staff through official channels such as manuals, rules and regulations, and organizational charts. Staff members initiate upward communication, which is addressed to executives and...
Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Us and them: Anticipated imitation between groups.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

The interference effect of direct eye gaze in the Stroop paradigm.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Shared effects of one's own and others' experiences during reinforcement learning on episodic memory.

NPJ science of learning·2026
Same author

The representation of serial order in working memory: A matter of space or time?

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Hemispheric specialization in mental arithmetic: Insights from functional transcranial Doppler Sonography.

Brain and cognition·2025
Same author

Hemispheric lateralization during maintenance of verbal and visuospatial working memory.

Laterality·2025
Same journal

A Matter of Parameters: Tailored Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Enhances Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuit Resonance.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Proactive visual and motor prioritization differentially scale with cue reliability.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Yao et al., "Estrogen Regulates Bcl-w and Bim Expression: Role in Protection against β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Neuronal Death".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Erratum: L'Episcopo et al., "Plasticity of Subventricular Zone Neuroprogenitors in MPTP (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine) Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Involves Cross Talk between Inflammatory and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways: Functional Consequences for Neuroprotection and Repair".

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Representations of subsecond duration-based timing by complex spike synchrony in cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The extended language network: Language-responsive brain areas whose contributions to language remain to be discovered.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

Errors and conflict at the task level and the response level.

Charlotte Desmet1, Wim Fias, Egbert Hartstra

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. charlotte.desmet@Ugent.be

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control research reveals distinct brain regions for response errors and task errors. The study found that the rostral cingulate zone (RCZ) handles response errors, while the dorsal frontomedian cortex processes task errors.

More Related Videos

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Cognitive Control Research

Background:

  • Error and conflict processing are key areas in cognitive control research.
  • The posterior frontomedian cortex (pFMC), particularly the rostral cingulate zone (RCZ), is implicated in processing response errors and conflict.
  • Previous research has predominantly focused on response errors, neglecting errors at the task level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if task-level errors engage the same neural and functional mechanisms as response-level errors.
  • To explore the dissociation between response and task levels of processing within the pFMC.
  • To differentiate neural correlates of conflict at both response and task levels.

Main Methods:

  • Functional neuroimaging (likely fMRI) was used to examine brain activity.
  • Participants likely performed tasks designed to elicit both response errors and task errors, as well as conflict at both levels.
  • Analysis focused on identifying distinct activation patterns in the pFMC for different error and conflict types, including single-subject data examination.

Main Results:

  • A dissociation was observed in the pFMC: response errors activated the RCZ, while task errors activated the dorsal frontomedian cortex.
  • While group-level data showed some overlap for task and response errors in the dorsal pFMC, single-subject analysis supported a functional-anatomical dissociation.
  • Distinct brain regions were associated with response conflict versus task conflict.
  • Evidence suggests a dissociation between conflict and error processing at both response and task levels.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a dissociation between response and task levels of cognitive processing within the pFMC.
  • The study provides evidence for distinct neural mechanisms underlying error and conflict detection at different processing levels.
  • This research refines our understanding of the functional organization of the pFMC in cognitive control.