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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Published on: July 17, 2018

A multi-component species identifying pheromone in the goldfish.

Haude M Levesque¹, Donelle Scaffidi, Christine N Polkinghorne

¹Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Journal of Chemical Ecology

|January 29, 2011

Summary

Goldfish use a complex chemical scent, a pheromonal odor, to identify their species across all life stages. This scent, detected by smell, helps distinguish goldfish from other species.

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Area of Science:

Ichthyology
Chemical Ecology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Sexually immature goldfish recognize kin via released chemicals.
The identity of these chemical cues and their use by other life stages remain unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate goldfish chemical communication across life stages.
Determine the nature and detection of species-recognition cues.

Main Methods:

Behavioral assays using two-choice mazes.
Olfactory occlusion experiments.
Chemical fractionation of body washings.

Main Results:

All goldfish life stages (juvenile, mature male/female) release and respond to a common chemical cue.
The cue is effective at high dilutions (over 10x) and detected via olfaction.
The cue comprises both polar and non-polar compounds, excluding bile acids.

Conclusions:

Goldfish utilize a complex, multicomponent pheromonal odor for species identification throughout their lives.
This pheromonal odor may interact with hormonal metabolites to signal sexual condition in fish.