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A MRI-Based Toolbox for Neurosurgical Planning in Nonhuman Primates

A MRI-Based Toolbox for Neurosurgical Planning in Nonhuman Primates

Published on: July 17, 2020

An optogenetic toolbox designed for primates.

Ilka Diester¹, Matthew T Kaufman, Murtaza Mogri

¹Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Nature Neuroscience

|February 1, 2011

Summary

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This study developed and tested optogenetic tools for primate brains, assessing viral vectors, promoters, and opsins. The findings provide a foundational toolkit for advancing neuroscience research in non-human primates.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biotechnology

Background:

Optogenetics offers precise neuronal control using light.
Adapting optogenetics for primate brains is crucial for advancing neuroscience and understanding brain disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize and optimize optogenetic tools for use in the non-human primate brain.
To assess the safety and efficiency of various viral vectors, promoters, and opsins in rhesus monkeys.

Main Methods:

Evaluated lentivirus and adeno-associated virus vectors with human synapsin (hSyn) and human thymocyte-1 (hThy-1) promoters.
Tested channelrhodopsin-2, enhanced halorhodopsin, and step-function opsins.
Utilized electrophysiological, histological, and behavioral analyses, alongside a novel in vivo fluorescence monitoring device.

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Main Results:

Demonstrated the feasibility of using specific viral vectors, promoters, and opsins in rhesus monkeys.
Validated the effectiveness of the developed optogenetic tools through comprehensive characterization.
Introduced a new method for minimally invasive, longitudinal assessment of gene expression in vivo.

Conclusions:

Established a suite of optogenetic tools tailored for non-human primate research.
The characterized tools are suitable for future large-scale optogenetic studies in primates.
This work lays the groundwork for enhanced investigation into brain function and disease mechanisms.