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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...

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Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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[Nosocomial diarrhea].

S Weis1, M Grimm

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Gastroenterologie und Rheumatologie, Department für Innere Medizin, Dermatologie und Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland. sebastian.weis@medizin.uni-leipzig.de

Der Internist
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nosocomial diarrhea, often caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile, impacts many hospitalized patients. Treatment varies by severity, with norovirus outbreaks requiring only supportive care and isolation.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Context:

  • Hospital-acquired diarrhea affects up to 33% of patients, increasing mortality and healthcare costs.
  • Antibiotic use is a primary driver for nosocomial diarrhea, particularly Clostridium difficile infections.
  • Outbreaks can also stem from viral pathogens like norovirus, and bacterial agents such as Salmonella and Listeria.

Purpose:

  • To review the causes, impacts, and therapeutic strategies for hospital-acquired diarrhea.
  • To highlight the significance of Clostridium difficile and norovirus in nosocomial infections.
  • To discuss current treatment recommendations and limitations.

Summary:

  • Nosocomial diarrhea is a significant complication of hospitalization, with drug side effects and Clostridium difficile being common culprits.
  • Metronidazole and vancomycin are recommended for mild and severe C. difficile infections, respectively.
  • Norovirus outbreaks necessitate rehydration and isolation due to high transmissibility and lack of specific therapies.

Impact:

  • Understanding these pathogens and their transmission is crucial for infection control.
  • Effective management can reduce patient mortality, length of hospital stay, and associated healthcare expenditures.
  • Further research into novel therapies for C. difficile and viral gastroenteritis is warranted.