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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Sodium MRI.

Ronald Ouwerkerk1

  • 1Cardiovascular Imaging, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ouwerkerkr@mail.nih.gov

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium-23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging ((23)Na-MRI) offers high-resolution insights into brain sodium levels, unlike MR spectroscopy. Elevated sodium indicates tissue damage, making (23)Na-MRI a valuable biomarker for various conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroimaging
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Sodium-23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging ((23)Na-MRI) bridges the gap between (1)H-MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS).
  • Unlike MRS, (23)Na-MRI observes a single resonance, enabling higher resolution imaging without chemical shift coding.
  • Ionic sodium plays a critical role in cellular processes, particularly in excitable tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the biological significance of sodium in the brain.
  • To explore methods for observing sodium using (23)Na-MRI.
  • To highlight the potential of (23)Na-MRI as a biomarker for disease and therapy monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing (23)Na-MRI techniques to visualize and quantify sodium distribution in tissues.
  • Employing specialized pulse sequences for high-resolution sodium imaging.
  • Leveraging advanced magnet technology for enhanced signal detection.

Main Results:

  • Sodium concentration gradients are crucial for cellular function, maintained by cellular energy.
  • Disruptions in cell membranes or energy metabolism lead to increased intracellular sodium.
  • (23)Na-MRI can detect these sodium changes, identifying conditions like ischemia, cancer, and tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Increased intracellular sodium serves as a sensitive biomarker for various pathological conditions.
  • (23)Na-MRI enables quantification of tissue sodium for disease monitoring and therapeutic evaluation.
  • Advancements in imaging methods and high-field magnets expand the clinical and research applications of (23)Na-MRI.