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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator
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Published on: October 20, 2021

Brain redox imaging.

Ken-ichiro Matsumoto1, Fuminori Hyodo, Kazunori Anzai

  • 1Radiation Modifier Research Team, Heavy-Ion Radiobiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, Chiba, Japan.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitroxyl contrast agents detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) by losing paramagnetism. This redox imaging technique, using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging or MRI, analyzes brain pathophysiology.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Paramagnetic nitroxyl radicals (nitroxyl contrast agents) lose paramagnetism upon reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • This property allows for the detection of redox state changes in vivo.
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI), Overhauser MRI (OMRI), and MRI are techniques capable of detecting these paramagnetic species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the theory behind redox imaging techniques.
  • To introduce applications of redox imaging in brain analysis.
  • To highlight the utility of blood-brain barrier permeable nitroxyl contrast agents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nitroxyl contrast agents as redox-sensitive probes.
  • Employing imaging modalities like EPRI, OMRI, and MRI to detect changes in paramagnetism.
  • Analyzing the time course of in vivo image intensity to derive tissue redox information.

Main Results:

  • Paramagnetic nitroxyl radicals transition to diamagnetic species upon reaction with ROS.
  • The change in paramagnetism can be quantified using various imaging techniques.
  • This forms the basis of redox imaging for assessing tissue redox status.

Conclusions:

  • Redox imaging using nitroxyl contrast agents provides valuable tissue redox information.
  • Blood-brain barrier permeable agents enable the analysis of brain pathophysiology.
  • This technique offers a novel approach for studying neurological functions and diseases.