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Related Concept Videos

Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Sex Linked Disorders01:43

Sex Linked Disorders

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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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A partial fraction is a component of a rational expression represented as the sum of simpler fractions. When a rational function is expressed as a ratio of two polynomials, it can often be decomposed into a sum of fractions whose denominators are simpler polynomials, typically linear or irreducible quadratic factors. This process is called partial fraction decomposition, and it is used to simplify complex expressions for integration, solving equations, or analysis.Partial fraction decomposition...
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In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
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Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
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Generating functions for partial sex control problems.

D P Smith1

  • 1Department of Sociology, Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Demography
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Couples can influence family composition by strategically choosing the sex of offspring. This study explores the mathematical strategies for achieving desired family structures with constant birth probabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Biostatistics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Parental control over offspring sex is a hypothetical scenario.
  • Family composition is a key demographic factor.
  • Previous research has not fully explored strategic sex selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically analyze the impact of strategic sex selection on achieving desired family compositions.
  • To provide a framework for understanding decision-making in reproductive planning.
  • To investigate the influence of birth order on ultimate family structure.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic modeling of birth sequences.
  • Application of probability theory and generating functions.
  • Analysis of decision-making strategies under constant probabilities.

Main Results:

  • The order of attempting for sons and daughters significantly impacts the probability of reaching a target family composition.
  • Mathematical models demonstrate optimal strategies for achieving specific sex ratios.
  • Appendix provides detailed probability distributions for various family compositions.

Conclusions:

  • Strategic sex selection, if possible, requires careful consideration of birth order.
  • Mathematical analysis offers insights into optimizing reproductive outcomes.
  • Understanding these probabilities is crucial for individuals aiming for specific family structures.