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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

Nutrigenomics in human intervention studies: current status, lessons learned and future perspectives.

Jonas Wittwer1, Isabel Rubio-Aliaga, Birgit Hoeft

  • 1DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Basel, Switzerland.

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Nutrigenomics uses profiling techniques to study diet responses, but interpretation challenges remain. Systemic approaches combining multiple molecular layers are improving the robustness of nutritional science research.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
11:02

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition and food sciences
  • Molecular biology
  • Human intervention studies

Background:

  • Nutrigenomics investigates how diet impacts biological processes at molecular levels.
  • Applications include gene, protein, and metabolite profiling to understand individual responses.
  • Nutrigenetics examines genetic variations influencing these responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of transcriptome-, proteome-, and metabolome-analyses in human nutrition studies.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of current nutrigenomics methodologies.
  • To highlight the evolving trend towards systemic, multi-omics approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human intervention studies utilizing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
  • Analysis of gene heterogeneity relevant to biological processes.
  • Exploration of nutrigenetics aspects within nutrigenomics.

Main Results:

  • Profiling techniques generate vast datasets but face challenges in data interpretation.
  • Knowledge gaps and limitations in study design and phenotyping are significant constraints.
  • A growing trend towards integrated multi-omics approaches enhances assessment robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrigenomics is maturing as a life science discipline, facing challenges common to other fields.
  • Systemic approaches combining molecular layers (mRNA, protein, metabolite) offer more robust physiological assessments.
  • Further development in study design and phenotyping is crucial for advancing nutrigenomics research.