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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...

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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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A single-chip event sequencer and related microcontroller instrumentation for atomic physics research.

E E Eyler1

  • 1Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA. eyler@phys.uconn.edu

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|February 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A digital event sequencer was developed using a dsPIC30F4013 microcontroller, offering 50 ns resolution for precise timing control. This versatile instrument can be expanded for various laboratory applications.

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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Instrumentation and Measurement
  • Embedded Systems

Background:

  • Precise timing control is crucial in many scientific experiments and laboratory setups.
  • Existing digital event sequencers may lack flexibility, affordability, or specific features required for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a high-resolution digital event sequencer using a microcontroller.
  • To demonstrate the adaptability of the sequencer for various scientific instruments and control systems.

Main Methods:

  • A 16-bit digital event sequencer was implemented utilizing the internal 32-bit timer of a dsPIC30F4013 microcontroller.
  • The system was programmed in standard C, allowing for easy modification and customization.
  • Robust 5 V inputs and outputs were incorporated for direct interfacing with laboratory equipment.

Main Results:

  • The sequencer achieves a resolution of 50 ns with 50 ns trigger jitter.
  • It supports hundreds of output events, with adjacent events as close as 1.5 μs.
  • Optional USB and analog ramp outputs were integrated, along with a display/keypad unit for standalone operation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microcontroller-based digital event sequencer offers high precision and flexibility for scientific instrumentation.
  • The design is cost-effective and can be readily adapted for applications such as ramp generation and laser frequency stabilization.