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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
06:50

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb

Published on: December 2, 2017

Instrument independent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Bing Yu1, Henry L Fu, Nirmala Ramanujam

  • 1Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. bing.yu@duke.edu

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|February 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a self-calibrating fiber optic probe for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, improving accuracy in tissue diagnostics. The novel probe minimizes instrument errors, saving valuable clinical time.

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Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
06:50

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Published on: December 2, 2017

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
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Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
09:25

Agarose-based Tissue Mimicking Optical Phantoms for Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Published on: August 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Instrumentation
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is vital for tissue characterization and disease diagnosis.
  • Instrument fluctuations cause systematic errors in DRS measurements, affecting derived physiological and morphological parameters.
  • Real-time calibration is needed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of DRS in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel fiber optic probe with real-time, self-calibration capability for UV-visible DRS.
  • To assess the probe's performance in mitigating instrument fluctuations and improving quantitative tissue analysis.
  • To enable instrument-independent DRS for in vivo applications, reducing clinical workflow inefficiencies.

Main Methods:

  • A novel fiber optic probe with integrated real-time self-calibration was designed and fabricated.
  • The probe was tested using synthetic liquid phantoms with diverse optical properties.
  • Performance was evaluated against traditional calibration methods under simulated instrument warm-up and drift conditions.

Main Results:

  • The self-calibrating probe demonstrated comparable accuracy to traditional calibration for absorber concentration extraction.
  • Significant improvement in the accuracy of reduced scattering coefficient extraction was achieved with the self-calibrating probe.
  • The probe effectively compensated for source intensity fluctuations, including warm-up and day-to-day drift.

Conclusions:

  • The self-calibrating fiber optic probe offers a robust solution for accurate, instrument-independent DRS in biological tissues.
  • This technology can streamline clinical procedures by eliminating the need for extensive instrument warm-up and frequent recalibration.
  • The developed probe has the potential to enhance the clinical utility of DRS for disease diagnosis and tissue characterization.