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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
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Published on: November 13, 2016

Definition of prediabetes.

Martin Buysschaert1, Michael Bergman

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Clinic Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate 54/UCL 5474, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. martin.buysschaert@uclouvain.be

The Medical Clinics of North America
|February 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prediabetes, including impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, increases diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Research suggests even lower glucose levels pose risks, especially in high-risk individuals.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
06:59

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets
10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus develops progressively, often through a prediabetes stage characterized by impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
  • Individuals with IFG/IGT exhibit elevated risks for progressing to diabetes and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease compared to normoglycemic individuals.
  • Emerging evidence indicates that glucose levels below the established prediabetes thresholds may also correlate with significant health concerns, particularly within high-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the continuous nature of glycemic risk beyond current prediabetes definitions.
  • To emphasize the potential underestimation of health implications by absolute prediabetes criteria.
  • To advocate for research focusing on broader glycemic risk factors to prevent diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological data and clinical studies on glucose metabolism and associated health risks.
  • Analysis of the continuous relationship between glycemic levels and adverse health outcomes.
  • Comparative assessment of risk stratification based on current prediabetes definitions versus a continuous risk model.

Main Results:

  • Current definitions of prediabetes (IFG/IGT) identify individuals at increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
  • Glucose levels below the formal prediabetes criteria are associated with heightened risks, especially in individuals with other risk factors.
  • A continuous glycemic risk perspective suggests that absolute diagnostic cutoffs may not fully capture the spectrum of metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • The current definition of prediabetes may underestimate the full scope of metabolic dysregulation and associated health risks.
  • A continuous glycemic risk model offers a more comprehensive understanding of glucose-related health implications.
  • Further research into broader glycemic risk factors is crucial for effective prevention of diabetes and related complications.