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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis
06:53

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

Published on: April 12, 2017

Vascularizing the heart.

Paul R Riley1, Nicola Smart

  • 1Molecular Medicine Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK. p.riley@ich.ucl.ac.uk

Cardiovascular Research
|February 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding embryonic heart vascularization is key for treating adult heart disease. This review explores coronary vessel development, cellular origins, and therapeutic potential for regeneration and bypass strategies.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis
06:53

3D Whole-heart Myocardial Tissue Analysis

Published on: April 12, 2017

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber
09:55

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

Published on: May 30, 2016

Decellularization of Whole Human Heart Inside a Pressurized Pouch in an Inverted Orientation
06:28

Decellularization of Whole Human Heart Inside a Pressurized Pouch in an Inverted Orientation

Published on: November 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The developing heart relies on a vascular plexus for oxygen and nutrient supply, replacing passive diffusion as it grows.
  • Coronary arteries and veins are crucial for fetal heart development and cardiac function.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the cellular origins, signaling pathways, and cell fate determination in coronary vascular development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review proposed cellular origins of the coronary endothelium, including the pro-epicardial organ/epicardium, sinus venosus, and endocardium.
  • To explore outstanding questions and technical limitations in lineage tracing of developing coronary vessels.
  • To discuss vascular signaling, cell fate mechanisms (venous vs. arterial), and implications for adult heart disease and regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on coronary vascular development.
  • Discussion of proposed cellular origins and lineage tracing techniques.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways and cell fate determination mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Several potential cellular sources for the coronary endothelium are proposed, with ongoing debate and technical challenges in definitive lineage tracing.
  • Canonical vascular signaling pathways are involved in heart vessel induction.
  • Understanding developmental mechanisms offers insights into adult coronary maintenance, homeostasis, and therapeutic revascularization strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating embryonic coronary vascular development is critical for advancing therapies for adult heart disease, including neovascularization and coronary bypass.
  • Further research is needed to overcome technical limitations in cell tracing and fully understand the molecular cues governing coronary development.
  • Insights from development hold promise for regenerative medicine and treating ischemic heart conditions.