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The influence of sacral nerve stimulation on anorectal dysfunction
1Academic Surgical Unit, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.
Summary
Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for defaecatory disorders shows mixed effects on anorectal function. Current evidence suggests SNS impacts both anal motor and rectal sensory functions, but physiological changes lack consistency.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Neurology
- Physiology
Background:
- Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is a recognized treatment for defaecatory disorders.
- The precise mechanism of action for SNS on anorectal function remains unclear, despite extensive research on its end-organ effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and determine the impact of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on anorectal function.
- To synthesize current evidence regarding the physiological effects of SNS on the anorectum.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted.
- The review focused on studies investigating the effects of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on anorectal function.
Main Results:
- Data on SNS effects on anorectal function exhibited significant heterogeneity.
- No consistent changes in physiological measures were identified across studies.
- The majority of findings suggest a combined mechanism of action involving both anal motor and rectal sensory functions.
Conclusions:
- Conflicting data persist regarding the mechanism of action of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) based on end-organ anorectal physiological changes.
- The available evidence best supports a dual mechanism of action, influencing both anal motor and rectal sensory functions.
