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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Acupoint Needle-Embedding Combined with Ironing Therapy for Postoperative Pain After Anal Surgery
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Sexual Function After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

N Elsaid1,2,3, G P Thomas4,5, P Bassett4

  • 1St Mark's The National Bowel Hospital, London, UK. n.elsaid@nhs.net.

International Urogynecology Journal
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) significantly impact postpartum sexual function, reducing sexual activity and increasing dyspareunia. Further research is needed, but early postnatal follow-up is recommended.

Keywords:
CoitusDyspareuniaObstetric anal sphincter injurySexual functionSexual intercourseVaginal delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Sexual Health Research
  • Evidence Synthesis

Background:

  • Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) can lead to severe, life-altering complications.
  • Postpartum sexual dysfunction is a significant concern for women's quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent effect of sustaining an OASI on postpartum sexual function.
  • To synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between OASI and sexual health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to July 2024.
  • Inclusion of studies comparing vaginal delivery with and without OASI.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment by two independent reviewers; random-effects meta-analysis used for pooled estimates.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two studies were included, providing low-certainty evidence.
  • Women with OASI showed a 30% reduced likelihood of sexual activity at 3 months postpartum.
  • Increased likelihood of dyspareunia at 3 months (RR 1.58) and >12 months (RR 1.69) postpartum was observed in women with OASI.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is observational and heterogeneous, limiting causal inference.
  • Quantitative findings are exploratory; high-quality prospective studies are required.
  • Proactive discussion of sexual health during postnatal follow-up for OASI patients is recommended.