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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells
09:13

Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

Published on: January 17, 2019

TERRA: Long Noncoding RNA at Eukaryotic Telomeres.

Rajika Arora1, Catherine M C Brun, Claus M Azzalin

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, ETHZ-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.

Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology
|February 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres, crucial for genome stability, were once thought silent. However, telomeric DNA is transcribed into TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules, revealing new insights into telomere regulation and function.

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Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells
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Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Telomeres protect chromosome ends, maintaining genome stability.
  • Telomeres were historically considered transcriptionally silent due to their heterochromatic nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on telomere structure and function.
  • To summarize TERRA (TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA) biogenesis and regulation.
  • To discuss TERRA's role in telomere stability and suggest future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on telomere biology.
  • Analysis of data concerning TERRA transcription, biogenesis, and regulation.
  • Exploration of TERRA's functional implications.

Main Results:

  • Telomeric DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II into TERRA molecules in diverse eukaryotes.
  • TERRA biogenesis and regulation are complex processes.
  • TERRA is implicated in maintaining telomere stability.

Conclusions:

  • Telomeres are not transcriptionally silent; they produce TERRA.
  • TERRA plays a significant role in telomere maintenance.
  • Further research into TERRA is essential for understanding telomere biology.