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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin homology) domains...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...

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Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: July 14, 2023

Focal adhesions in osteoneogenesis.

M J P Biggs1, M J Dalby

  • 1Nanotechnology Center for Mechanics in Regenerative Medicine, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA. mb3235@columbia.edu

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|February 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights how synthetic materials influence cell adhesion in bone tissue engineering. Understanding these interactions is key for developing advanced biomaterials and implantable devices.

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Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads
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Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads
07:55

Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads

Published on: March 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Advancements in materials technology and tissue engineering increase the relevance of cellular adhesion mechanisms.
  • Biological systems' responses to material surfaces are crucial for next-generation biomaterial development.
  • Integrin-mediated cellular adhesion plays a vital role in the success of implantable devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on focal adhesion formation in osteogenesis.
  • To emphasize the impact of synthetic constructs on cellular adhesion and function.
  • To explore integrin-mediated cellular adhesion in the context of biomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of research on focal adhesion formation.
  • Focus on osteogenesis and synthetic construct influence.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic materials significantly influence focal adhesion formation during osteogenesis.
  • Integrin-mediated cellular adhesion is modulated by the properties of synthetic constructs.
  • Understanding these interactions is critical for biomaterial design.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular adhesion mechanisms are central to tissue engineering and biomaterial development.
  • Synthetic constructs can be engineered to optimize integrin-mediated cellular adhesion for bone regeneration.
  • Further research into material-cell interactions will advance implantable device technology.