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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration01:19

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM01:25

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Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
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Sandwich-like Microenvironments to Harness Cell/Material Interactions
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Cell migration on material-driven fibronectin microenvironments.

E Grigoriou1, M Cantini, M J Dalby

  • 1Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Manuel.Salmeron-Sanchez@glasgow.ac.uk.

Biomaterials Science
|June 15, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human fibroblasts exhibit distinct migratory behaviors on different fibronectin (FN) structures formed on similar polymer surfaces. Surface properties significantly influence cell speed, focal adhesion maturation, and FN remodeling, impacting cell motility.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell migration is crucial for biological processes, but its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Fibronectin (FN) organization on surfaces influences cell behavior, yet the precise impact of material properties on FN structure and subsequent cell responses requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the migratory characteristics of human fibroblasts on surfaces promoting different fibronectin (FN) organizations.
  • To elucidate how surface chemistry influences FN nanonetwork formation and subsequent cell responses, including speed, focal adhesion dynamics, and FN remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) surfaces to induce different FN conformations (nanonetworks on PEA, globular on PMA).
  • Quantified human fibroblast speed over 24 hours, analyzed focal adhesion (FA) morphology (area, length), and measured cell-secreted FN and FN remodeling.
  • Employed live-cell imaging and quantitative analysis of cell morphology and protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • Human fibroblast velocity showed biphasic behavior on PEA but remained constant on PMA.
  • Focal adhesions matured over time on PEA, contrasting with smaller FAs observed on PMA.
  • Cells remodeled adsorbed FN more extensively on PMA compared to PEA.

Conclusions:

  • The cell-protein-material interface significantly modulates human fibroblast migratory behavior.
  • Differences in cell velocity correlate with focal adhesion maturation and fibronectin (FN) secretion and remodeling, offering insights into motility regulation.