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Related Concept Videos

Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...
Chest Physiotherapy01:24

Chest Physiotherapy

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) is a therapeutic technique used in respiratory care to improve ventilation, clear bronchial secretions, and enhance the efficiency of respiratory muscles. This therapy includes three primary procedures: postural drainage, percussion, and vibration. It can be performed on spontaneously breathing patients and those who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
Purpose
CPT is primarily used for patients with excessive bronchial secretions who have difficulty clearing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases
07:36

Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases

Published on: July 3, 2025

Phototherapy for chronic rhinosinusitis.

Yosef P Krespi1, Victor Kizhner

  • 1St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NewYork, USA. krespi@nyhni.org

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine
|February 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Near-infrared laser illumination (NILI) effectively treats chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms and improves healing. This safe, sustained therapy avoids antibiotics and steroids, showing potential for managing CRS.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Photomedicine
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent condition often requiring long-term management.
  • Near-infrared laser illumination (NILI) demonstrates bactericidal and wound healing properties.
  • NILI presents a potential therapeutic avenue for CRS management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NILI in managing symptomatic post-surgical CRS patients.
  • To compare NILI with and without a photo-activated agent for CRS treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective randomized study involved 23 CRS patients with positive cultures.
  • Two groups received NILI: one with a 940 nm laser, the other with indocyanine-green and an 810 nm laser.
  • Outcomes assessed included Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT20) scores, nasal endoscopic scoring (NES), cultures, and saccharin tests.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases
07:36

Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases

Published on: July 3, 2025

Main Results:

  • Both NILI treatment arms showed significant clinical efficacy, with improvements in SNOT20 scores and NES (P < 0.05).
  • Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen in persistent positive cultures.
  • Therapeutic effects were sustained for at least 2 months with minimal side effects and no significant impact on ciliary motility.

Conclusions:

  • NILI is an effective, safe, and reproducible treatment for CRS, offering objective and subjective benefits.
  • The therapy sustained its effects and did not impede ciliary function.
  • NILI successfully prevented CRS exacerbations without the need for antibiotics or steroids.