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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E virus and neurologic disorders.

Nassim Kamar1, Richard P Bendall, Jean Marie Peron

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Organ Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rangueil, Toulouse, France. kamar.n@chu-toulouse.fr

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|February 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 can cause neurological complications, including inflammatory polyradiculopathy and encephalitis. These emerging extrahepatic manifestations highlight the importance of considering HEV in neurologic disease diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding the full spectrum of HEV genotype 3 disease is crucial.

Observation:

  • A study in the UK and France identified 126 patients with HEV genotype 3 infection.
  • Seven patients (5.5%) developed neurological complications, including inflammatory polyradiculopathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, encephalitis, and ataxia/proximal myopathy.

Findings:

  • Neurological complications occurred in both acute (non-immunocompromised) and chronic (immunocompromised) HEV infections.
  • HEV RNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid of chronic infection cases, suggesting direct neurological involvement.
  • Outcomes varied, with some patients experiencing complete resolution and others residual deficits.

Implications:

  • Neurological disorders are an emerging extrahepatic manifestation of HEV genotype 3 infection.
  • These findings underscore the need for increased awareness and diagnostic consideration of HEV in patients presenting with neurological symptoms.
  • Further research into the mechanisms and management of HEV-associated neurological disease is warranted.