Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Overnight sleep features and next-morning brain metabolism in older adults.

Sleep medicine·2026
Same author

White Matter Hyperintensity Burden and Short-Interval Change Associated With Sleep Apnoea in the UK Biobank.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Characteristics of sleep disturbance in Moyamoya disease.

Sleep medicine·2025
Same author

Associations of Chronic Insomnia, Longitudinal Cognitive Outcomes, Amyloid-PET, and White Matter Changes in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

Neurology·2025
Same author

Diagnostic performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) compared with physicians in sleep medicine.

Sleep medicine·2025
Same author

Valproic acid and central sleep apnea: a retrospective analysis.

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·2025
Same journal

Detection of cochlear microphonic for differential diagnosis between auditory neuropathy mice and noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss mice.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
Same journal

Assessment metrics for pain control in rats: A methodological commentary.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
Same journal

Infant EEG preprocessing pipelines: A capability framework and current gaps in practice.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
Same journal

Methods for Measuring Neural Activity During Voluntary Wheel Running.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
Same journal

Serotype-dependent differences in AAV cellular transduction rates in the hypothalamus of Arctic ground squirrels.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
Same journal

Rapid generation of human sensory neurons from iPSC for modeling of peripheral neuropathies.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

Quantifying chirp in sleep spindles.

Suzana V Schönwald1, Diego Z Carvalho, Guilherme Dellagustin

  • 1Neurology Section, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350/sala 2040/90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. sschonwald@hcpa.ufrgs.br

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|February 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that sleep spindles, crucial for brain health, show a distinct negative chirp rate, suggesting a role in memory consolidation. Measuring this internal frequency variation offers new insights into sleep and brain function.

More Related Videos

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice
08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2016

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Sleep spindles are key indicators of thalamo-cortical circuit integrity.
  • Internal frequency variation within sleep spindles is an emerging area of research.
  • Understanding sleep spindle characteristics may elucidate memory consolidation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the chirp rate and types (negative, positive, zero) of sleep spindles using a novel signal processing technique.
  • To investigate the distribution and characteristics of sleep spindle chirp rates across different sleep stages (TP, NREM, REM).
  • To explore the relationship between sleep spindle chirp rate and neocortical memory consolidation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized matching pursuit with a Gabor-chirplet dictionary to analyze sleep spindle chirp rates.
  • Analyzed 707 visual sleep spindles (TP) from 9 healthy males, alongside NREM and REM sleep control data.
  • Focused analysis on the C3-A2 EEG channel for precise electrophysiological measurements.

Main Results:

  • Sleep spindle chirp distribution was asymmetrical towards negative values in TP and NREM sleep, unlike REM sleep.
  • Median negative chirp rates were significantly lower in TP and NREM groups compared to REM sleep (-0.4 Hz/s vs -0.3 Hz/s).
  • Negative chirp atoms were more prevalent and had higher amplitudes in TP sleep spindles, with 88.9% of subjects showing a negative/positive chirp ratio > 1.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the systematic measurement of sleep spindle chirp rate as a valuable neurophysiological metric.
  • The preferential occurrence of negatively chirping spindles aligns with hypotheses on electrophysiological modulation of memory consolidation.
  • This research provides evidence for the functional significance of internal frequency variations in sleep spindles.