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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
08:57

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin

Published on: July 30, 2014

IQGAP1 in microbial pathogenesis: Targeting the actin cytoskeleton.

Hugh Kim1, Colin D White, David B Sacks

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

FEBS Letters
|February 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Microbial pathogens exploit the host cell

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Microbial pathogens cause significant disease burden globally.
  • Pathogen virulence often involves manipulating host cell functions, including the cytoskeleton.
  • IQGAP1 is a key scaffold protein involved in cellular signaling and cytoskeletal regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of IQGAP1 in infectious diseases.
  • To highlight IQGAP1's function in regulating the actin cytoskeleton during microbial invasion.
  • To explore potential mechanisms of IQGAP1 exploitation by pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on IQGAP1 and microbial pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of studies detailing IQGAP1's interactions with host and microbial factors.

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Visualizing Actin and Microtubule Coupling Dynamics In Vitro by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
08:57

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin

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Reconstitution of Actin-Based Motility with Commercially Available Proteins
08:40

Reconstitution of Actin-Based Motility with Commercially Available Proteins

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Visualizing Actin and Microtubule Coupling Dynamics In Vitro by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy
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Visualizing Actin and Microtubule Coupling Dynamics In Vitro by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2022

  • Synthesis of data on IQGAP1's role in cytoskeletal dynamics during infection.

    • Main Results:

    • IQGAP1 plays a critical role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton, essential for host cell invasion by pathogens.
    • IQGAP1 interacts with and modulates proteins involved in bacterial entry.
    • Evidence suggests IQGAP1 is a target exploited by microbial pathogens to facilitate infection.

    Conclusions:

    • IQGAP1 is a significant host factor in infectious disease, primarily through its regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
    • Understanding IQGAP1's role offers potential therapeutic targets for combating microbial infections.
    • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate IQGAP1's multifaceted role in host-pathogen interactions.