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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae
06:32

Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae

Published on: June 29, 2021

Respiratory infections in children.

W Wilson

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |February 8, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review addresses common pediatric respiratory tract infections, offering practical guidance on diagnosis and treatment for primary care physicians. It covers distinguishing serious conditions and managing recurrent ear infections to reduce childhood illness.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Primary Care

    Background:

    • Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of pediatric visits to primary care.
    • Effective management requires clear diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide practical answers to common questions regarding pediatric respiratory infections.
    • To guide primary care physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
    • To discuss potential therapeutic advances.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of current clinical knowledge.
    • Focus on practical diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic options.
    • Discussion of evidence-based management strategies.

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    Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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    Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

    Published on: February 23, 2014

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    Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae
    06:32

    Assessing Respiratory Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae

    Published on: June 29, 2021

    Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
    11:32

    Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

    Published on: February 23, 2014

    Main Results:

    • Provides criteria for identifying excessive common colds.
    • Outlines indications for antibiotic therapy in pharyngitis, with or without cultures.
    • Differentiates between croup and epiglottitis.
    • Offers strategies for managing recurrent acute and serous otitis media.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of pediatric respiratory infections are crucial in primary care.
    • Evidence-based strategies can help prevent morbidity associated with common childhood respiratory illnesses.
    • Ongoing research may lead to new therapeutic interventions.