Kyasanur forest disease: a state-of-the-art review

Area of Science:

• Medical Entomology
• Virology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne flavivirus transmitted by Haemaphysalis spinigera.
• The disease is endemic in Southern India, affecting humans who travel to forested areas during the dry season.

Purpose of the Study:

• To enhance physician and travel medicine practitioner awareness of KFD's clinical and laboratory features.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of KFD manifestations and management.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 153 articles.
• Qualitative analysis of 16 selected articles meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Main Results:

• KFD is an acute hemorrhagic fever with a biphasic course, often involving neurological symptoms in the second phase.
• Key first-phase indicators include leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated transaminases.
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is optimal for early diagnosis, while serology is useful in later stages.

Conclusions:

• There is no specific antiviral treatment for KFD; management relies on supportive care.
• Prevention strategies include avoiding tick exposure and vaccination.
• Increased awareness of KFD manifestations is vital for timely diagnosis and patient management.