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Different confidence-accuracy relationships for feature-based and familiarity-based memories.

Mark Tippens Reinitz¹, William J Peria, Julie Anne Séguin

¹Department of Psychology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, USA. mreinitz@pugetsound.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition

|February 9, 2011

Summary

Memory confidence and accuracy are not always aligned. This study on picture recognition found that while confidence generally increases with accuracy, it doesn't always reflect true memory performance, especially when relying on familiarity versus specific features.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Human Memory Research
Perceptual Science

Background:

Understanding the relationship between subjective confidence and objective accuracy in memory recall is crucial for cognitive science.
Distinguishing between feature-based and familiarity-based memory retrieval provides insight into different memory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interplay between memory accuracy, confidence, and retrieval basis (feature vs. familiarity).
To determine if confidence reliably predicts accuracy across different memory retrieval strategies.

Main Methods:

Participants viewed naturalistic pictures for brief durations, followed by a recognition test (old/new).
Confidence ratings and the basis of memory (feature vs. familiarity) were recorded.
Two experiments manipulated feature/familiarity as a dependent and independent variable.

Main Results:

Feature-based memory responses were initially more accurate than familiarity-based ones.
Both confidence and accuracy increased with presentation duration for both response types.
When controlling for confidence, familiarity-based responses showed higher accuracy than feature-based responses.

Conclusions:

Confidence and accuracy may stem from different underlying information sources in memory.
Phenomenal basis of memory reports (feature vs. familiarity) impacts the reliability of confidence as an accuracy indicator.
Applied implication: Differences in confidence should not automatically be equated with differences in accuracy when retrieval bases vary.