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Hyperglycemia

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Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

Challenging the glucose challenge test.

Jenny Huynh¹, Sujiva Ratnaike, Catherine Bartalotta

¹Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. j.huynh4@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au

The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

|February 9, 2011

Summary

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) alone is the most effective method for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Preliminary screening tests like the glucose challenge test (GCT) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) may miss a significant number of GDM cases.

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Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

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Published on: November 13, 2016

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

Published on: January 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Endocrinology
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) aims to balance patient comfort, cost, and diagnostic accuracy.
Current recommendations include the Australian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS) glucose challenge test (GCT) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) proposed new one-step OGTT diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify missed GDM cases when using GCT/OGTT or FPG/OGTT compared to OGTT alone.
To evaluate the effectiveness of GCT as a screening tool for GDM based on the IADPSG criteria.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 8486 GCT and OGTT episodes from the Austin Pathology database (2005-2007).
Simulated GCT/OGTT analysis, equating the 60-minute OGTT value to the GCT value.
Simulated FPG/OGTT analysis to assess the utility of various FPG thresholds for indicating the need for OGTT.

Main Results:

Using ADIPS criteria, GCT alone had 87% sensitivity and 74% specificity, missing 13% of GDM cases.
Using IADPSG criteria, GCT screening showed 83% sensitivity and 75% specificity, potentially missing 17% of GDM cases.
Simulated FPG/OGTT demonstrated lower specificity (42%) compared to GCT.

Conclusions:

The one-step oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the optimal diagnostic procedure for gestational diabetes mellitus.
Preliminary screening tests like GCT or FPG are less effective and risk missing diagnoses.
Implementing OGTT as a standalone diagnostic test is recommended to avoid missed GDM cases.