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Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

G-quadruplexes-novel mediators of gene function.

Wenhua Zhou1, Nigel J Brand, Liming Ying

  • 1Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK. wenhua.zhou06@imperial.ac.uk

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|February 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA G-quadruplex (G4 DNA) structures are dynamic and diverse, performing various biological functions beyond the traditional double helix. This review explores their structures, properties, and roles, including in cardiovascular science.

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
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A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

Published on: March 18, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
11:25

A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1

Published on: March 18, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Chromosomal DNA, once viewed as rigid, is now known to form transient, complex structures.
  • G-quadruplex DNA (G4 DNA), a four-stranded structure, exhibits diverse forms and functions.
  • G4 DNA has garnered significant research interest over the past two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the structural diversity and biophysical properties of G4 DNA.
  • To discuss common investigation methods for G4 DNA.
  • To explore bioinformatics evidence for G4 DNA's evolutionary selection and functions, including in cardiovascular science.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural and biophysical studies on G4 DNA.
  • Brief description of common experimental techniques for G4 DNA analysis.
  • Discussion of bioinformatics approaches to identify G4 DNA evolutionary patterns and functions.

Main Results:

  • G4 DNA possesses significant structural diversity and unique biophysical characteristics.
  • Bioinformatics data suggest evolutionary selection and functional roles for G4 DNA.
  • Various G4 DNA structures are linked to diverse biological functions, with potential implications for cardiovascular science.

Conclusions:

  • G4 DNA represents a dynamic and functionally relevant class of DNA structures.
  • Further research into G4 DNA's structural intricacies and biological roles is warranted.
  • G4 DNA may hold potential for applications in cardiovascular science.