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Related Concept Videos

In vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

An Introduction to Worm Lab: from Culturing Worms to Mutagenesis
10:44

An Introduction to Worm Lab: from Culturing Worms to Mutagenesis

Published on: January 11, 2011

The firstH- 2 mutant workshop.

H I Kohn1, J Klein, R W Melvold

  • 1Department of Radiation Therapy, Harvard Medical School and Shields Warren Radiation Laboratory, New England Deaconess Hospital, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts.

Immunogenetics
|February 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most H-2 variants are true mutations from single nucleotide substitutions. This finding impacts theories on H-2 gene pleiotropic effects, as many immune phenomena are controlled by these single genes.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The H-2 complex in mice is a critical region of the major histocompatibility complex.
  • Understanding the nature of H-2 variants is essential for deciphering immune system regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the mutational basis of the 21 available H-2 variants.
  • To inform theories regarding the pleiotropic effects of H-2 genes.

Main Methods:

  • Workshop discussions and participant consensus.
  • Analysis of existing data on H-2 variants.

Main Results:

  • Consensus reached that most H-2 variants represent true mutations.
  • These mutations are predominantly single nucleotide substitutions.
  • A wide array of immunological phenomena are affected by H-2 mutations.

Conclusions:

  • The mutational origin of H-2 variants must be considered in pleiotropy theories.
  • The H-2 gene appears to control diverse immunological phenomena through single gene effects.