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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
14:14

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Published on: December 11, 2017

Aortic valve replacement normalizes left ventricular twist function.

Per Lindqvist1, Ying Zhao, Gani Bajraktari

  • 1Heart Centre, Umeå University, S-90185 Umeå, Sweden. per.lindqvist@medicin.umu.se

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
|February 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Aortic valve replacement normalizes exaggerated left ventricular (LV) twist in severe aortic stenosis patients. This twist function recovers six months post-surgery, but its link to basal LV function changes.

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Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Severe aortic stenosis (AS) can affect left ventricular (LV) function.
  • Understanding the impact of aortic valve replacement (AVR) on LV mechanics is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of AVR on LV twist function in patients with severe AS and preserved ejection fraction.
  • To assess changes in LV long axis function and twist before and after AVR.

Main Methods:

  • Speckle tracking echocardiography was used to measure LV twist.
  • M-mode and tissue Doppler assessed LV long axis function.
  • Patients with severe AS (n=28) and normal controls (n=28) were studied before and 6 months after AVR.

Main Results:

  • LV ejection fraction remained unchanged post-AVR.
  • LV long axis function normalized after AVR.
  • LV twist was increased in AS patients pre-AVR and normalized post-AVR, losing its correlation with LV fractional shortening.

Conclusions:

  • Exaggerated LV twist in severe AS may compensate for reduced long axis function.
  • AVR normalizes LV twist and long axis function within six months.
  • The relationship between LV twist and basal LV function is altered after AVR.