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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Structural Changes Study of Co/C and Ni/C Multilayers upon Annealing.

V A Chernov¹, N I Chkhalo, M V Fedorchenko

¹Siberian SR Center at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lavrentyev Avenue 11, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology

|February 11, 2011

Summary

Annealing multilayers like Ni/C and Co/C causes structural changes. Researchers found the optimal annealing temperature for these materials using advanced X-ray techniques.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Multilayers, such as those composed of Nickel/Carbon (Ni/C) and Cobalt/Carbon (Co/C), are crucial in various technological applications.
Understanding structural evolution during post-deposition treatments like annealing is vital for optimizing material properties.
Pulsed laser evaporation is a key technique for fabricating high-quality thin films and multilayers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the structural transformations in Ni/C and Co/C multilayers after annealing.
To determine the optimal annealing temperature for enhancing the structural integrity and properties of these multilayers.
To correlate structural changes with annealing conditions using advanced characterization methods.

Main Methods:

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to probe local atomic environments.
Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) to analyze crystalline structure and phase formation.
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) to investigate nanoscale structural features and layer periodicity.
Pulsed Laser Evaporation (PLE) for the deposition of Ni/C and Co/C multilayers.

Main Results:

Detailed analysis of structural changes at films and interfaces within the multilayers upon annealing.
Identification of specific structural rearrangements and potential phase transitions induced by thermal treatment.
Determination of the optimum annealing temperature range for both Ni/C and Co/C multilayer systems.
Correlation between annealing temperature and observed structural modifications.

Conclusions:

Annealing significantly influences the microstructure and interfacial properties of Ni/C and Co/C multilayers.
The optimal annealing temperature is critical for achieving desired structural characteristics and material performance.
EXAFS, WAXS, and SAXS provide complementary insights into the complex structural evolution of these advanced materials.