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Extended Schema Mode conceptualizations for specific personality disorders: an empirical study.

Lotte L M Bamelis¹, Fritz Renner, David Heidkamp

¹Maastricht University, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. l.bamelis@maastrichtuniversity.nl

Journal of Personality Disorders

|February 12, 2011

Summary

This study introduces the Schema Mode Inventory-2 (SMI-2) to assess personality disorder modes. The SMI-2 effectively differentiates patients from controls, supporting Schema Therapy applications.

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Area of Science:

Clinical Psychology
Psychopathology
Personality Disorders

Background:

Schema Therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that addresses personality disorders.
Existing schema mode models require refinement for specific personality disorders.
The Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) is a tool for assessing these modes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate newly formulated schema mode models for cluster-C, paranoid, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.
To modify the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) into the SMI-2 to assess 18 hypothesized modes.
To evaluate the efficacy of the SMI-2 in distinguishing patients with personality disorders from nonpatients.

Main Methods:

The Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) was modified into the SMI-2.
The SMI-2 was administered to 323 patients diagnosed with specific personality disorders and 121 nonpatients.
Statistical analyses were performed to assess the validity and reliability of the SMI-2.

Main Results:

The SMI-2 successfully distinguished between patients and nonpatients.
Newly formulated modes were found to be appropriate for histrionic, avoidant, and dependent personality disorders.
The modification of the Overcontroller mode into the Perfectionistic and Suspicious Overcontroller mode was valuable for characterizing paranoid and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.

Conclusions:

The SMI-2 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing schema modes in personality disorders.
The newly formulated schema mode models support recent theoretical developments in Schema Therapy.
The findings have practical implications for clinical applications of Schema Therapy.