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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
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X-ray diffraction comparator - new possibilities.

I A Brytov1, G D Dmitriev, V N Ivanov

  • 1Bourevestnik, Inc., St. Petersburg, Russia.

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precise lattice constants for quartz were determined using an X-ray diffractometer-comparator. This method allows accurate measurement of lattice constant changes with temperature and crystal homogeneity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Accurate determination of lattice constants is crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Quartz crystals are vital for various technological applications, requiring precise characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a precise method for determining quartz lattice constants.
  • To assess the capability of the X-ray diffractometer-comparator for temperature-dependent studies and homogeneity testing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an X-ray diffractometer-comparator with a double-crystal optical scheme and a swinging crystal-monochromator.
  • Employed a measurement strategy based on the angular positions of different Bragg planes.
  • Assumed a known radiation wavelength with an accuracy of ± 1.2 ppm.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an accuracy of ± 5×10-5 Å for determined lattice constants.
  • Demonstrated the method's efficiency in measuring lattice constant variations with temperature.
  • Validated the technique for precision testing of quartz single-crystal homogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • The X-ray diffractometer-comparator offers a precise method for lattice constant determination in quartz.
  • The developed strategy is effective for in-situ measurements and quality control of quartz crystals.
  • The instrument's capabilities extend to automatic sorting of quartz blanks based on cut angle.