Peculiarities of Reparative Osteogenesis in Lower Jaw Defects in Rats with Experimental Metabolic Syndrome

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Regenerative Medicine
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Metabolic syndrome is linked to various health complications.
• Its impact on bone regeneration, particularly in the jaw, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on reparative osteogenesis in a rat mandibular defect model.
• To assess bone healing dynamics following surgical intervention in metabolically compromised animals.

Main Methods:

• Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats via a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks.
• A standardized bone defect (3 mm diameter) was created in the lower jaw molar region.
• Histomorphometric analysis was performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-surgery.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in baseline lower jaw structure were observed between groups.
• Rats with metabolic syndrome exhibited delayed reparative osteogenesis compared to controls.
• Key indicators of delayed healing included decreased new bone formation, reduced trabecular bone, fewer osteocytes and bone cells, and increased fibrous tissue.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic syndrome impairs mandibular bone defect healing in rats.
• The findings highlight the detrimental effect of metabolic syndrome on crucial stages of reparative osteogenesis.
• This suggests potential challenges in oral surgery outcomes for patients with metabolic syndrome.