Laparoscopic adrenal-sparing surgery: personal experience, review on technical aspects

Partial adrenalectomy is usually performed for the treatment of bilateral pheochromocytomas and in case of sporadic, monolateral tumors, to minimize the risk of adrenal failure, especially in younger patients. Due to the lack of consistent series, many issues such as correct surgical indications and technical aspects still need to be debated. From 2007 to 2010 we performed four unilateral partial adrenalectomies (3 aldosterone-producing adenomas and 1 cortisol-producing adenoma), and three bilateral subtotal adrenalectomies, consisting in total adrenalectomy on one side and partial adrenalectomy on the contralateral gland (3 bilateral pheochromocytomas in MEN IIa). In case of single tumor, partial adrenalectomy was carried out without adrenal vein ligation and the results were similar to total adrenalectomy both in terms of surgical and functional outcome, with normalization of hormone levels and control of hypertension. Operating time and postoperative stay were not significantly different from unilateral total adrenalectomy. In case of bilateral subtotal adrenalectomy our results demonstrate effectiveness in terms of surgical outcome and control of hypertension, but one patient needed steroid replacement therapy due to post-operative adrenocortical failure. Care must be taken when giving indication to adrenal sparing surgery, because this procedure can be technically difficult, and due to the risk of recurrence, especially in case of bilateral tumors, it can affect both surgical and functional outcomes.