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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Antimicrobial stewardship.

Pranita D Tamma1, Sara E Cosgrove

  • 1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, 200 North Wolfe Street Suite 3095, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. ptamma1@jhmi.edu

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial stewardship programs promote the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents to combat rising healthcare costs, drug resistance, and adverse reactions. This review outlines their goals, implementation, and impact.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Health Policy

Background:

  • Overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents lead to significant negative consequences.
  • Inappropriate antimicrobial use fuels healthcare costs, multidrug-resistant organisms, and adverse drug events.
  • Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are crucial for optimizing antimicrobial prescribing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential components of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
  • To outline strategies for effective implementation and maintenance of ASPs.
  • To discuss barriers, measurement approaches, and initiation steps for ASPs.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current evidence and expert recommendations on antimicrobial stewardship.
  • The review covers program goals, staffing, strategies, challenges, and evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Effective ASPs require multidisciplinary teams and evidence-based strategies.
  • Key strategies include formulary restriction, prospective audit and feedback, and education.
  • Barriers to implementation include resource limitations and lack of institutional support.

Conclusions:

  • Antimicrobial stewardship programs are vital for improving patient outcomes and combating antimicrobial resistance.
  • Successful programs require dedicated resources, leadership commitment, and tailored strategies.
  • Initiating and sustaining ASPs involves a systematic approach to address identified barriers.