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Related Concept Videos

Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

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A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously Sb(III) Oxidation and Sequestration
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A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously Sb(III) Oxidation and Sequestration

Published on: December 5, 2019

Antimony toxicity.

Shyam Sundar1, Jaya Chakravarty

  • 1Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India. drshyamsundar@hotmail.com

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimony toxicity can result from workplace exposure or medical treatments. While occupational risks have decreased, therapeutic antimony use requires careful monitoring for side effects like cardiotoxicity and pancreatitis.

Keywords:
antimonyleishmaniasisoccupational hazardtoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Antimony exposure presents risks through occupational contact and therapeutic use.
  • Occupational antimony exposure can lead to respiratory issues, skin conditions, and gastrointestinal problems.
  • Antimony trioxide is classified as a potential human carcinogen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual nature of antimony toxicity from occupational and therapeutic sources.
  • To highlight the health risks associated with antimony exposure.
  • To emphasize the importance of safety measures in both occupational and clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of antimony toxicity.
  • Analysis of occupational health data.
  • Examination of adverse effects from antimonial therapies.

Main Results:

  • Occupational antimony exposure can cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, skin lesions, and GI symptoms.
  • Antimony trioxide is considered possibly carcinogenic to humans.
  • Therapeutic antimonials, used for leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis, commonly cause cardiotoxicity and pancreatitis, especially in co-infected patients.

Conclusions:

  • Improved occupational safety has reduced workplace antimony toxicity.
  • Therapeutic use of antimonials necessitates stringent quality control and patient monitoring for adverse events.
  • Managing antimony toxicity requires distinct strategies for occupational and therapeutic exposures.