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Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Bacterial Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarrays
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Genetic analysis using microarrays.

W El-Rifai1, S Knuutila

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

High-throughput genome sequencing and microarray technologies enable the identification of novel human cancer genes. These advanced methods analyze large gene sets and samples for cancer research.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Increasing availability of genome sequencing data necessitates advanced analytical methods.
  • Robotic applications have enabled the development of high-precision microarrays.
  • Several microarray variants, including oligonucleotide, DNA (CGH), tissue, and cDNA arrays, have been introduced.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and application of array technologies for human cancer gene discovery.
  • To highlight methods facilitating high-throughput analysis of large gene sets and samples.

Main Methods:

  • Array technologies utilize fluorescent or radioactive labeling of nucleic acids.
  • Hybridization to microarrays (glass or membrane-based) is followed by imaging.

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  • Techniques include oligonucleotide arrays, DNA (CGH) arrays, tissue microarrays, and cDNA microarrays.
  • Imaging is performed using laser scanners or phosphor imagers, with data processed by specialized software.

    • Main Results:

    • Microarray technologies provide high-throughput analysis capabilities for large-scale genomic studies.
    • These methods are crucial for localizing novel genes associated with human cancers.
    • Recent reviews in Nature Genetics detail these advanced techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • Array-based technologies are essential tools in modern cancer gene discovery.
    • The continuous advancement in microarray techniques supports high-throughput genomic analysis.
    • These methods significantly contribute to understanding the genetic basis of human cancer.