Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
Published on: September 16, 2025
Evaluation of refractive value by skiascopy in healthy Beagles
Seiya Maehara1, Yoshiki Itoh, Kouki Higashinozono
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
Abstract:
We examined the refractive value in healthy Beagles by skiascopy. The mean refractive value of 54 eyes of 27 Beagles was 0.08 ± 0.87 (mean ± SD) diopters (D). The numbers of eyes defined as having emmetropia, myopia and hyperopia were 34, 8 and 12, respectively. Anisometropia was detected in 4 dogs. The mean refractive values in the 3-6-year-old and 8-9-year-old groups were 0.26 ± 0.84 and -0.29 ± 0.82 D, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).
