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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
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MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

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Published on: December 13, 2017

Tremor--some controversial aspects.

Niall P Quinn1, Susanne A Schneider, Petra Schwingenschuh

  • 1Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom. n.quinn@ion.ucl.ac.uk

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|February 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential tremor (ET) is common, but its genetic causes are unclear due to misdiagnosis. This review explores controversies in diagnosing ET and related neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Essential tremor (ET) is the most frequent cause of pathological tremor.
  • Identifying genetic mutations for ET is challenging due to misdiagnosis of other tremor disorders.
  • The relationship between essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been debated.

Discussion:

  • This review addresses controversies surrounding essential tremor diagnosis.
  • It examines the potential genetic overlap between ET, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease.
  • The concept of benign tremulous parkinsonism (BTP) is also discussed.

Key Insights:

  • Misdiagnosis complicates the genetic study of essential tremor.
  • The genetic link between ET and other movement disorders like PD remains unclear.
  • Distinguishing ET from conditions like BTP requires further investigation.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on accurate diagnostic criteria for ET.
  • Genetic studies need to differentiate ET from other tremor conditions.
  • Clarifying the relationship between ET and Parkinson's disease is crucial for understanding tremor etiologies.