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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Language, bilingualism, and executive functioning in early development.

J Bruce Morton1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Graduate Programme in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Psychological Reports
|February 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilingualism may enhance executive functions like task switching, but caution is needed. New evidence challenges the standard view of a bilingual advantage in cognitive control development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Growing literature suggests bilingualism confers advantages in executive functioning.
  • The Dimensional Change Card Sort task is often used to assess these executive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine new evidence on the relationship between language ability, bilingualism, and early executive functioning.
  • To discuss findings in light of recent challenges to the bilingual advantage theory.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of existing literature and findings.
  • Analysis of between-group comparisons in studies of bilingualism and executive control.

Main Results:

  • Okanda et al. (2010) reported associations between bilingualism and executive functioning.
  • Recent evidence questions the universality and underlying assumptions of the bilingual advantage.

Conclusions:

  • While bilingualism may be linked to executive function benefits, firm conclusions require caution.
  • The standard account of the bilingual advantage warrants re-evaluation in light of emerging evidence.