Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions01:17

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Reactions

A phase I reaction is a biochemical process that introduces a functionally reactive polar group to a substance. This transformation predominantly occurs in the liver, facilitated by the cytochrome P450 system of hemoproteins situated in the lipophilic endoplasmic reticulum of cells. The metabolite generated through this process can have varying polarities. If it is sufficiently polar, it can be easily excreted in the urine due to its water compatibility. However, if the metabolite is nonpolar,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate light...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic technologies to enhance crop nutritional value under climate change.

Nature·2026
Same author

Quantification of Stress- and Resistance-Related Metabolites in Barley Leaves (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Infected with <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> via UHPLC-MS/MS<sub>MRM</sub>.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

Extensive variation between chromosomes of North American and European hop.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Development of a Patient Decision Aid for the DAHANCA 35 Proton Radiotherapy Trial: An Iterative Development Process with User-Centered Design Elements.

MDM policy & practice·2026
Same author

Breeding Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutants of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> to Enhance Consumer Acceptance.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

An ESTRO-EPTN Delphi consensus on robustness evaluation in proton therapy.

Physics and imaging in radiation oncology·2026
Same journal

Lipid Metabolic Labeling to Study Site- and Lipid-Specific Long-Chain <i>S</i>-Acylation Dynamics.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Inositol Thiophosphates as Inhibitors of Mammalian, Plant, and Fungal Phytases.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Synthesis and Characterization of the Spectroscopic and Imaging Utilities of Two Indole-Based Cyan Fluorescent Nucleoside Analogues.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Indole Ring Expansion and Rearrangement-Enabled Quinoline Scaffold Formation in the Biosynthesis of the Antitumor Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Camptothecin.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Intracellular Delivery of Peptides and Proteins with an Engineered Membrane Translocation Domain.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same journal

Development of Next-Generation Fluoroacetamidine-Containing Activity-Based Probes for the Selective Labeling of the Protein Arginine Deiminases (PADs).

ACS chemical biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

Light-driven cytochrome p450 hydroxylations.

Kenneth Jensen1, Poul Erik Jensen, Birger Lindberg Møller

  • 1Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, VKR Research Centre "Pro-Active Plants" and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen , 40 Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.

ACS Chemical Biology
|February 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a light-driven system for synthesizing natural products using photosystem I (PSI) and cytochrome P450s. This approach replaces costly NADPH, offering a sustainable method for producing valuable compounds.

More Related Videos

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling
09:33

Formation of Covalent DNA Adducts by Enzymatically Activated Carcinogens and Drugs In Vitro and Their Determination by 32P-postlabeling

Published on: March 20, 2018

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Natural Product Synthesis

Background:

  • Plants synthesize numerous high-value bioactive natural products.
  • Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are crucial for synthesizing these products via hydroxylation.
  • The reliance on NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) and costly NADPH hinders in vitro applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an economical and efficient in vitro system for P450-mediated synthesis.
  • To utilize light energy for driving P450 catalytic cycles.
  • To overcome the limitations of NADPH dependency in P450 applications.

Main Methods:

  • An in vitro system was designed using isolated photosystem I (PSI) and P450 membrane complexes.
  • Ferredoxin was employed as an electron carrier between PSI and P450.
  • Light was used as the energy source to generate reducing equivalents.

Main Results:

  • The light-driven system successfully catalyzed P450 hydroxylations.
  • The turnover rate in the light-driven system (413 min⁻¹) surpassed the native CPR-catalyzed system (228 min⁻¹).
  • This demonstrates the feasibility of using light to replace NADPH.

Conclusions:

  • A novel light-driven in vitro system enables efficient P450-mediated synthesis of natural products.
  • This approach offers a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
  • It opens new possibilities for the in vitro synthetic biology of complex bioactive compounds.