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Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:24

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...

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Development of a Patient Decision Aid for the DAHANCA 35 Proton Radiotherapy Trial: An Iterative Development Process

Anne Wilhøft Kristensen1, Annesofie Lunde Jensen2,3, Kenneth Jensen1

  • 1Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

MDM Policy & Practice
|May 11, 2026
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Summary

A patient decision aid (PtDA) was created to help head and neck cancer patients decide on radiotherapy trial participation. This tool offers balanced information and decision support, improving clarity for complex treatment choices.

Keywords:
clinical trial decision-makingcomplex intervention developmenthead and neck cancerpatient decision aidradiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Decision Making
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Radiotherapy trial participation is complex for head and neck cancer patients.
  • Standard information leaflets lack balanced comparisons and decision support.
  • Few patient decision aids (PtDAs) exist for clinical trial participation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a PtDA for decisions regarding participation in the DAHANCA 35 trial.
  • The trial compares proton versus photon radiotherapy.
  • To enhance patient understanding and support informed consent for clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative development using a user-centered design approach.
  • Informed by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework and IPDAS standards.
  • Included scoping, prototyping, multidisciplinary refinement, and alpha testing with patients and clinicians.

Main Results:

  • A PtDA was finalized, offering plain-language information, value clarification, and decision support.
  • Integrated visual elements, comparison tables, and decision trees for better comprehension.
  • Alpha testing confirmed usability and guided refinements for clarity and navigation.

Conclusions:

  • An iterative, user-centered development process yielded a PtDA addressing patient decision-making needs in radiotherapy trials.
  • The developed PtDA supports informed choices for the DAHANCA 35 trial.
  • This approach can be adapted for other radiotherapy and clinical trial contexts.