Selecting landmarks in novel environments

People use salient landmarks when learning a route through a novel environment. However, it is not clear what makes a given landmark salient. In two experiments, subjects learned a route through a virtual museum, performed a recognition memory test for objects in the museum, and provided spatial descriptions and drew maps of the learned route. Objects with strong perceptual features occurred at decision points or at non-decision points along the route. Objects with both of these features were recognized faster and were included more often in the maps and written directions. When these features were separated, perceptual features maintained a strong influence on the recognition task, but had no influence on the spatial tasks, which were influenced only by spatial features. These findings challenge the idea that either a recognition task or descriptive task alone provides a complete account of landmark representation.