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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

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Published on: July 16, 2015

Resolving semantic and proactive interference in memory over the short-term.

Alexandra S Atkins1, Marc G Berman, Patricia A Reuter-Lorenz

  • 1Duke University, LSRC Building, B203, Box 90999, Durham, NC 27708-0999, USA. alex.atkins@duke.edu

Memory & Cognition
|February 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short-term memory errors are often caused by interference. This study shows that both proactive interference (PI) and semantic interference (SI) are similarly affected by articulatory suppression, suggesting shared cognitive control processes are involved.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Interference significantly impacts short-term memory accuracy.
  • Proactive interference (PI) arises from irrelevant prior information.
  • Semantic interference (SI) occurs due to meaningful but irrelevant distractors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between proactive interference (PI) and semantic interference (SI).
  • To explore the role of shared cognitive control processes in resolving PI and SI.
  • To test predictions derived from contextual-cuing models of short-term memory.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Assessed PI and SI under articulatory suppression during retention intervals.
  • Experiment 2: Developed a novel task to examine PI and SI interactively within a single context.
  • Utilized behavioral measures to quantify memory errors and interference effects.

Main Results:

  • Articulatory suppression similarly and selectively increased both PI and SI.
  • Interactive effects were observed between factors inducing PI and SI.
  • Findings support contextual-cuing models where retrieval context influences interference susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Shared cognitive control mechanisms likely underpin the resolution of both PI and SI.
  • Contextual factors play a crucial role in modulating short-term memory interference.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific cognitive control processes involved.