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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Published on: December 22, 2023

Continuous support for women during childbirth.

Ellen D Hodnett¹, Simon Gates, G Justus Hofmeyr

¹Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Suite 130, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 1P8.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|February 18, 2011

Summary

Continuous labor support significantly increases spontaneous vaginal birth rates and reduces interventions like cesarean sections and analgesia. This essential support benefits both mothers and newborns, with no known harm.

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Evidence-Based Midwifery

Background:

Historically, continuous labor support was provided by women within their social networks.
Modern hospital practices have made continuous intrapartum support a rarity rather than a standard of care.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of continuous, one-to-one intrapartum support versus usual care on labor outcomes.
To explore if factors like provider relationship and hospital policies influence the effectiveness of continuous support.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials (15,061 women).
Searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register.
Used random-effects models for analysis, reporting risk ratios and mean differences.

Main Results:

Continuous support increased spontaneous vaginal birth (RR 1.08) and reduced cesarean births (RR 0.79), instrumental births (RR 0.90), and analgesia use (RR 0.90).
Labor duration was shorter (mean difference -0.58 hours), and maternal dissatisfaction decreased (RR 0.69).
Support was most effective when provided by individuals outside the hospital staff and woman's social circle, particularly where epidural analgesia was not routine.

Conclusions:

Continuous intrapartum support offers significant clinical benefits for women and newborns.
This support is associated with improved birth outcomes and reduced interventions, with no identified adverse effects.
Universal provision of continuous support during labor and birth is recommended for all women.