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Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Published on: August 25, 2022

How and why does the proteome respond to microgravity?

Daniela Grimm¹, Petra Wise, Michael Lebert

¹Department of Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark. daniela.grimm@farm.au.dk

Expert Review of Proteomics

|February 19, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microgravity affects the proteome, the complete set of proteins, in various cell types. Understanding these cellular changes is crucial for space medicine and tissue engineering advancements.

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Area of Science:

Proteomics
Cell Biology
Space Medicine

Background:

Understanding cellular responses to microgravity is vital for astronaut health.
Space missions reveal medical issues linked to microgravity exposure.
In vitro tissue engineering requires knowledge of microgravity-induced cell changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current knowledge on microgravity's impact on the proteome.
To explore how and why different cell types respond to microgravity.
To highlight proteomic discoveries and their future applications.

Main Methods:

Review of existing scientific literature on microgravity and cell proteomes.
Analysis of proteomic data from studies on various cell types.
Discussion of observed cellular changes and their implications.

Main Results:

Microgravity significantly alters the proteome in diverse cell types.
Cellular responses to microgravity are highly cell-type dependent.
Proteomic changes impact major cellular functions.

Conclusions:

Knowledge of microgravity-induced proteomic changes is essential for mitigating health risks in space.
Further proteomic research can advance in vitro tissue engineering.
Cell-type specific responses necessitate tailored approaches for space biology research.