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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)
11:09

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

Published on: March 25, 2012

Long non-coding RNAs and enhancers.

Ulf Andersson Ørom1, Ramin Shiekhattar

  • 1The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators in mammalian genomics, with new studies linking them to enhancer regions. This suggests transcribed long ncRNAs may commonly mediate enhancer function and gene activation.

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A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 28, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)
11:09

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

Published on: March 25, 2012

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
06:02

A Computational Pipeline for Intergenic/Intragenic Enhancer RNA Quantification in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 28, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulatory elements in mammalian genomes.
  • Thousands of long ncRNA transcripts with diverse properties and expression patterns have been identified recently.
  • Genome-wide enhancer studies reveal tissue-specific gene regulation mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in characterizing enhancers and identifying novel long ncRNAs.
  • To discuss the functional overlap and potential regulatory roles of long ncRNAs and enhancers.
  • To explore the hypothesis that transcribed long ncRNAs mediate enhancer function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent genome-wide studies on transcriptional enhancers.
  • Analysis of identified long ncRNA classes and their properties.
  • Integration of findings on enhancer-associated long ncRNAs and gene activity.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence links long ncRNAs to enhancer regions in the genome.
  • Long ncRNA transcription near enhancers correlates with increased neighboring gene activity.
  • Transcribed long ncRNAs may commonly mediate enhancer function.

Conclusions:

  • Long ncRNAs represent a significant layer of complexity in gene regulation.
  • A functional overlap exists between long ncRNAs and transcriptional enhancers.
  • Long ncRNAs associated with enhancers may play a widespread role in regulating gene expression.