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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.

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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
08:49

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Published on: May 18, 2018

Melanoma.

Esther Bastiaannet1, Harald J Hoekstra, Otto S Hoekstra

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands. e.bastiaannet@chir.azg.nl

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) aids in detecting distant melanoma metastases. While combined FDG-PET/CT shows promise for staging, its added benefit over FDG-PET alone requires further investigation in melanoma patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Accurate staging of melanoma is crucial for prognosis and treatment planning.
  • Regional lymph node status is a key prognostic factor in melanoma.
  • FDG-PET is utilized for detecting distant metastases in melanoma patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of FDG-PET and combined FDG-PET/CT in staging and follow-up of melanoma.
  • To assess the role of imaging in identifying patients eligible for surgical intervention.
  • To determine the added value of CT in FDG-PET/CT for melanoma metastasis detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT in melanoma staging and follow-up.
  • Analysis of sensitivity for detecting lymph node and distant metastases.
  • Comparison of FDG-PET/CT versus FDG-PET alone.

Main Results:

  • FDG-PET has limited sensitivity for microscopic lymph node metastases in early-stage melanoma.
  • FDG-PET is effective for detecting distant melanoma metastases.
  • The incremental benefit of CT in FDG-PET/CT for melanoma appears less pronounced than in other cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Combined FDG-PET/CT may be valuable for metastatic melanoma staging, but further research is needed.
  • The high FDG avidity of melanoma might limit the added sensitivity of CT.
  • Accurate staging is essential for surgical planning, clinical trial efficiency, and patient prognosis information.