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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells
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Cytotoxic T lymphocyte migration and effector function in the tumor microenvironment.

Bettina Weigelin1, Marina Krause, Peter Friedl

  • 1Microscopical Imaging of the Cell, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Immunology Letters
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Understanding how cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) move within tumors is key for effective cancer immunotherapy. This study explores the local mechanisms governing CTL migration and function within the tumor microenvironment.

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Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
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Published on: April 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Effective cancer immunotherapy relies on cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) recognizing and eliminating tumor cells.
  • While CTL activation is understood, their function within the tumor microenvironment remains unclear.
  • Efficient CTL effector function requires migration, target cell interaction, and apoptosis induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the poorly understood local mechanisms governing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) function within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To elucidate the role of CTL migration and interaction in tumor lesion shrinkage.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the steps of effector T-lymphocyte function, including mobility, physical interaction, and apoptosis induction.
  • It examines the requirement for amoeboid migration of CTLs through tissue.

Main Results:

  • Antigen uptake and CTL activation are established pathways for cancer control.
  • Efficient CTL effector function depends on migration into the tumor microenvironment and interaction with tumor cells.
  • CTL migration is crucial for reaching, engaging, and leaving target cells to induce apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Local mechanisms of CTL function, particularly migration, are critical for effective anti-cancer immunity.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can reveal targets for improving cancer immunotherapy.
  • Amoeboid migration of CTLs is essential for all steps of effector function, from tumor infiltration to target cell killing.